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UNITED sTATEs PATENT oEEIoE. I);

ARCHIBALD THOMPSON, OFWVAYNESBRO, }5El\ll\SYLVAIA.V

MACHINE FOR MORTISlNG HUBS.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 3,054, dated April 25, 1843.

T0 all whom t may concern l Be it known that I, ARCHIBALD THOMPSON, of Vaynesboro, Franklin county, State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Machines for Boring and Mortising Hubs and Tenoning Spokes of Carriage-Vxheels, and for other Purposes, which is described as follows, reference being had to the annexed drawings of the same, malcing part of this specification.

Figure 1 is a side elevation of the machine, a part of the bench being omitted in order to show the spoke carriage and nut and the propelling screw and spring. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of a carriage in which the hub is to be placed to be bored and mortised, the hub being shown in its proper place. Fig. 3 is a side elevation of another carriage containing a post on which the Vhub is placed after the spokes are inserted for having the round tenons out on theirouter extremities by a socket auger which is shown in its proper place for that purpose. Fig. 4c is .a side elevation of another carriage on which the fellies are clamped to have the holes bored in them for the round tenons of the spokes,`the auger for performing this opera-v 7 the circular perforated gage plate fastened to the end of the hub for gaging the mortises, the edge of which is shown in Fig. 2. Fig. S plan of the cutter for making the square tenon on the spoke. Fig. 9 plan of the cutter for making the mortises in the hub to receive the square tenon of the spokes.

Fig. l0 auger for boring the hubs. Fig. 11

combination for cutting the Asplay of theI mortise.

Similar letters refer to corresponding h y of the outer end of lever 'F drawing upward parts.

The bench A for containing and supporting the several parts is made of suitable size, strength and material.

The vibrating adjustable frame B carrying the cutters C for cutting the tenons, rising and falling rack bar D to which the cutters are fastened, segment cog wheel E for moving the rack ban-lever E for turning the segment wheel to which the chain or cord G is attached which is also attached to the end of a horizontal vibrating lever H connected atits other end to the feed appa-l ratus and perforated plates I J forthe insertion of theauger o for boring the hubs, turns on horizontal bolts K passed through the lower part offrame B and inserted into the sides of the bench A being held at any required angle by screws L passed through the frame B and Escrewed'agains't semicircular plates M placed'in mortises in the j frame B and fastened tothe sides of the bench at the extremities thereof by4 screws or bolts N.

The carriage P upon which the spoke is Y held for having the tenon cut thereon by the forked cutter C is a rectangular board tongued on the edges to correspond with the grooves onr the innersides of the bench inV which it moves intoywhich vcarriage are mortised and tenoned twov parallel posts Q, united by a horizontal connecting timber R through which passes a vertical screw S being prevented from having a lateral movement by two kneesT T fastened to the carriage P, the position of the spoke being represented by'dottedlines in .Fig. 1.

A horizontal feed screw V for moving the vcarriage worksV in .this nutfThe screw eX- tends through and beyond the end of the bench .and enters the centerof a circular notched plate WV or ratchet wheel fixed to and turned with said screw Vby means of a reaching arm a; or pawl which acts against the teeth ofV the ratchet wheel to turn it and thus to turn the screw and feed or advance the carriage and spoke gradually toward the cutter said reaching arm or pawl being attached to the opposite end of the lever H from that which is attached to the curved which is screwed down upon the spoke for holding it firmlyupon the carriage the spoke lever F and from which it receives its motion` ,at every stroke of the lever, the raising the screw is permitted to recede whilet the 'i cutter is in the spoke-at the same time contracting a spring wfastened Vto the inside of the bench by one of its ends while its other end presses against a collar y fixed to the screw; which spring7 when theY cutter is raised from the spoke, pushes forward the carriage and the spoke the distance of the chip to be cut at the next downward stroke of the cutter.

The collar is fixed on the screw at a distance from the ratchet wheel sufficient to give the screw its i requisite Vlongitudinal movement for the purpose above stated and the end of the pawl should'be made broad so as not tobe thrown out of gear with the ratchet wheel during this longitudinal backward and forward movement of the screw.

The pawl is raised in order to take another hold ofthe ratchet wheel by means of a spring 'w attached by one of its ends to the ends of the lever H opposite to that to which` the pawl is attached while the other end of the spring is fastened'to the top of the bench said spring being contracted when the end of the lever H7V to which itis attached is raised which takes place on the descent of the cutter and pawl and extended when the cutter is raised and the connecting cord G is loosened which draws down the end of the lever H to which it is attached and raises the opposite end to which the pawl is at tached.

The segment cog wheel E for propelling the cutter may be a little more or less than a semi circle and turns on an axle in'arms a fastened to the sides of the adjustable frame B so that it be made to take a greater or less hold on the rack D of the cutter C for the purpose of giving the cutter a greater or less vertical movement as required by turning the segment and bringing the lower tooth to the required tooth of the rack for the purpose intended.

The lever F is made in the form of a hook having its hook end fastened to the segment cog wheel and the cord G of the feed lever to it about one third its length from the segment which cord must be unfastened when the rack is raised for the purpose of changing its length of movement vertically.

To alter the angle of cutting of the cutters the adjustable frame B must be turned on the bolt K till it assumes the angle .required and it must then be secured in that position by the screw L screwed against the semicircular plate M over which the frame moves in the segment of a circle. The cutters, gearing and lever moved with the frame B being attached thereto.

For boring the hub preparatory to cutting the mortises for the spokes it must be placed on a horizontal axle b Fig. 2 passed through perpendicular posts c e rising from the carriage 10,' held firmly by vertical screw bolts d and nuts e said screw bolts being passed ver tically through the posts the hub being pre! vented from turning on the axle by a spring catch fastened to one of the'posts 0. the point of which entering an aperture in a circular gage plate g fastened to the end of a hub, which plate is perforated with a circular row of apertures corresponding with 1 the required mortises in the hub as seen in Fig. 7. Y

The carriage 79 for holding the hub for the operation of boring Vand mortising is f inserted in the grooves g of the bench A (see Fig. 5) and brought under the per'fo- Y the gage plate g which, with the hub is then 'i turned till the catch is opposite the next aperture into which it is inserted. Another hole is then Vbored in a similar manner andV so on until all the holes are bored. Then Y move the hub from the axle b and insert the spokes in the mortises thus cut and prepare spindle above the hub from which two pary Y 1 allel hanging posts e e Iproject downward perforated for the insertion of a socket auger m for cutting the round tenons.

' This carriage is then placed in the grooves of the bench A, when a round tenon is cut on `a spoke, the bar k is turned on the spindle and the auger applied to the next spoke which is operated on inthe same manner and in this manner all the spokes are provided with round tenons on their outer ex-' tremities being of the same length vand distance from the center of the hub determined by the length of the radius of the circle in which bar lo moves. V Y

kTo bore the holes in the'fellies to admit the aforesaid round tenons of the spokes the fellies are clamped to the carriage yP3 Fig.

4t by the turning clamp bar n. The auger g is then inserted in a horizontal aperture in iio 'Y in relation to that of the cutter for the purpose of forming the splay ofthe rnortises to correspond With the large or `splayedends of the spokes according to any given angle a horizontal turning table l must be combined With the longitudinally sliding carriage p upon which table the hub is to be secured in the manner above described for the carriage p. The table l turns on a vertical pin 2 passing through the table into the carriage. A segment plate 3 on Which a scale is engraved is fastened to the toprof the carriage. The index is on the table. This scale is for ascertaining the degree required to bring the'aXis of the hub right or left of the longitudinal center of the carriage represented by the'dotted line. The

turning table is fastened at any required pop sition on the carriage by aclarnp 4.

screw V as described and for the purpose set forth.

ARCHIBALD THOMPSON.

Witnesses:

WM. P. ELLIOT, EDWIN MAHER. 

